WAR SERVICE 1914-1918
Identified by the following designations – descendants
of Bartholomew Barcham of Great Yarmouth (BwB); Juler branch of North
Walsham (JnJ); William Barcham of Great Yarmouth and Mundesley (WmB); John
Barcham of Edingthorpe (JnB); and Benjamin Barcham of Sherringham (BnB).
World War I
The contributions and sacrifices
of members of the Barcham family who joined up and fought in the two World Wars
are summarised elsewhere and in Chapter 7 of The Barchams of Edingthorpe.
In 2008, Chris Farrow visited
the Canadian National Library and Archives in Ottawa to research particulars of two
members of the family who served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in World
War I. Chris also discovered more about
Cyril Barcham’s training as a fighter pilot in World War II.
Service
Records for Canadian soldiers who served in the First World War include
attestation papers and service records, which are chronological records showing
the units they were attached to while overseas, injuries and sickness, hospital
treatment, leave, promotions, service medals and badges, demobilization and pay
records. Privates received Cdn $1.00/day or $20/month
(20 days/month); corporals received $1.70/day or $34/month. Most received
demobilization bonuses. The service records are written in military jargon and
many of the records are on filing cards and pages from payroll journals.
(WmB) William Henry Barcham (b. 1888, in London), the son of Emma Florence (Pattle) and William Barcham, emigrated
to Canada in 1909. He enlisted on 15 June 1915,
at Esquimalt,
BC
Regimental No. 521011. At the time he enlisted he was single, aged 26,
religious denomination Wesleyan, living at 645
Dunedin Street, Victoria. He was 5ft 6¾ in tall, dark complexion, brown
eyes, black hair. Prior to enlisting he had been a salesman and had served in
the 88th Fusiliers. As next of kin he named his father, William Barcham, living
at 52 Narford
Road, Upper
Clapton. William Henry was assigned to No. 5
Canadian General
Hospital,
which was formed in June 1915 at Victoria,
BC,
under the command of Col E.C. Hart. On 27 August, 31 officers, 72 nursing
sisters and 203 other ranks, including William Henry Barcham, sailed from Montreal
aboard the Scandinavian, arriving in England
on September 4. His service
record states that:
William
Henry was stationed at Thorncliffe
Military
Hospital
before embarking at Southampton
aboard Hospital Ship Asturius
on November 16, 1915,
for field duty in Salonika
[Thessaloniki]
in northern Greece,
where he arrived on December 20. While in Salonika,
he was hospitalized with dysentery for a week, and was granted a Good Conduct
badge on 14
June 1917.
On
16 August 1917,
he was ‘S.O.S. [struck off the strength] of the B.S.F. on proceeding for duty
to the UK’,
where he was attached to the 5th Canadian
Military
Hospital
at Kirkdale, Liverpool,
on 5 September 1917.
This was the clearing hospital for wounded soldiers returning to Canada.
On 13 October 1917
he was ‘T.O.S. [taken on strength] of No.5 Canadian General Hospital (C.G.H.)’
and on 19 August 1918,
William Henry was promoted to acting Corporal with pay. Payroll accounts show
that in 1919 he received $1.70/day.
On
9 February 1918,
William Henry ‘proceeded from Liverpool
to Dublin
on Escort Duty’ and three days later he ‘Returned to Liverpool
off Escort Duty’. On 22
February 1919, William Henry was ‘granted permission to
marry’ [He married Evelyn Eleanor Connolly on 30 April 1919].
On
27 August 1919,
he was S.O.S. [C.G.H] to C.D.D. Buxton, Derbyshire, then
on 9 September he was T.O.S. to C.D.D. Buxton for return to Canada.
On 19 September he embarked at Liverpool
aboard RMS Melita,
and disembarked at Quebec
on 24 September 1919.
After
serving for 4 years 70 days, William Henry Barcham was classified medically
unfit for general services because of varicose veins and discharged from
service at Quebec
on October 1, 1919.
He gave Pender
Island,
Hope,
BC
as his proposed residence. His Discharge Certificate states that the index
finger of his left hand had been amputated in a planing
mill accident nine years previously; and that he had varicose veins in his left
leg. It also gives his wife’s address as 77
Lower Beechwood Avenue,
Ranelagh, Co. Dublin,
Ireland.
William
Henry Barcham and Evelyn Eleanor Connolly were married in Dublin
on April 30, 1919.
They must have had a whirlwind romance: he was in Dublin
for only three days in February 1918, and she was working in Dublin
for the Irish Board of Works. His Service Record does not state when Evelyn travelled to Canada,
but another source shows that she travelled in steerage
class as a military dependant on the same sailing of the SS Melita as her husband. An Internet
site states that the Melita was a Canadian Pacific Railway liner.
The Nominal Roll of Other Ranks Proceeding to Canada
includes Barchan [sic] W.H. A/Cpl 521, CAMC,
destination Pender
Island,
B.C.
(WmB) Herbert John Dudley
Barcham
(b. 1892, at Knapton), son of Elizabeth and Herbert Samuel Barcham emigrated to
Canada shortly before the war and enlisted
on March 20, 1916, at Vonda (east of Saskatoon), Saskatchewan. Regimental No. 267457, was assigned to the 214th Overseas Battalion of the
C.E.F. At the time he enlisted he was single, aged 23 years 4 months, religious
denomination
Church
of England.
He was 5ft 9½ in, clear complexion, hazel eyes, fair hair. Prior to enlisting
he had been a farmer. His father, Herbert Barcham, living in Knapton, Norfolk,
was named as next of kin.
On 18 April 1917,
20 officers, and 595 other ranks left Halifax
aboard the SS Grampian and arrived in
England
on 26 April. The 214th Battalion was absorbed by the 15th Canadian Reserve
Battalion on April
29, 1917. He returned to Canada
aboard the SS Tunisian in
December 1919. Both ships belonged to the Allen Line. His service record states
that:
Herbert John Dudley
Barcham was in Canada with the 214th Battalion from 20 March 1916 until 16
April 1917, during which time he was incapacitated with measles from 22 June to
10 July; and in September, he forfeited 13 days’ pay [His infraction is not
stated.]. After arriving in England,
Herbert was on strength of the 15th Reserve Battalion stationed at Bramshott [near Liphook,
Hampshire]. On 4
July 1917 he was S.O.S. to the 28th Battalion (o/seas)
and arrived at No. 2 Cdn. Base Depot at Etaples, France
on 7 July, from where he was sent to the field with No. 2 Field Ambulance. He
left the field on 8 August and reported to No. 6 Canadian Field Ambulance. On 1 November 1917, he was
transferred from the 28th (Saskatchewan)
Battalion to the 4th Canadian Field Ambulance.
His medical record
notes that he ‘caught influenza at Passchendale’ on 8 November 1917.
He was sent to No. 15 Casualty Clearing Station then transferred to the 6th
Canadian Field Ambulance Service and sent to Graylingwell
War Hospital in Chichester, Sussex; then on 22
November to the Military Convalescence Hospital at Woodcock Park, Epsom, from
which he was discharged on 7 January 1918, when he was given ‘Permission to
proceed on sick leave furlough until seven p.m. on 17 January, for the purpose
of proceeding to Knapton Old Hall, North Walsham. On expiration of furlough he
will report to 2nd Command Depot Orderly Room at Bramshott’.
Herbert was
attached to 2nd CCD at Bagshot from 7 January to 1 March 1918
[including while he was on sick furlough at Knapton], then attached to the 15th
Reserve Battalion until 18
April 1918, when he was again attached to 2nd CCD Depot
Company. On 20 March, he was awarded a Good Conduct badge, and on 12 April he
was ‘struck off strength’ of the 15th Reserve Battalion and posted to the 3rd
Res. Btn. at Bramshott.
Then, on 20 April, he was attached to the 2nd CCD until 25 May 1918
when he ‘ceases to be attached to the 2nd CCD on proceeded on Farming Furlough’
until 10 December 1918
when he went to CCD Buxton. [It is not stated where he took farming furlough:
perhaps he went to Knapton.] At Buxton,
on 23 December, it was decided that he was ‘no longer suitable for military
employment in England’
and was ‘posted to Casualty Co. from 9 January 1919’. He was then
granted leave until January 23. He
returned to Canada
aboard the SS Tunisian, and at Regina
on 22 March 1919,
he was discharged medically unfit. He was granted a ‘war veteran’s allowance’
as well as a war service gratuity. He received a War Service Badge, Class A,
and ‘entitled to wear two blue service chevrons’.
Herbert survived
the war without major injury, but he may have been gassed at Passchendale, rather than influenza. Like many others, he
suffered afterwards with chest complaints. He
died in 1982, aged 80.
(JnB)
Charles Stuart Browning (b. August 29, 1891 at Murree, Punjab, d.
10 December 1916, in Tanganyika) was the eldest
child of Isabel and Arthur Robertson Browning.
Like his father, Charles Stuart joined the army and was a cadet at the Royal Military College. He was mentioned
in The London Gazette on January 17, 1911:
UNATTACHED LIST FOR INDIAN ARMY
The undermentioned Gentlemen Cadets
from the Royal Military College to be Second
Lieutenants with a view to their appointment to the Indian Army. Dated 18th January, 1911:
[lists 35 cadets including] Charles
Stuart Browning
He became a captain in the Duke of Connaught’s Own 129th Baluchis. His service in India is not known.
However he was in East Africa during WWI, and was killed while
leading a cavalry squadron against German forces in northern Tanganyika [now Tanzania]. In a letter,
which his mother received in England on May 2, 1916, Charles wrote about the campaign:
March 10, 1916
My Dear
Mother
We have managed to advance 60 more
miles into German Territory with practically no opposition. We did 30 miles
on our first day and surprised their piquets [pickets]
and driving them out of them, hace pushed on at the
same time rounding them up. So far they have not managed to get time to collect
anything strong enough to withstand us and our guns soon have their piquets out of their positions. Water is the only trouble
and we have to go on until we find it. It is always scarce and then often salty
and brackish.
We have reached the inhabited part of
the country, and we occupy now a very nice farm in beautiful grounds with a
huge path to it lined, lined by cactus on one side and banana plantations on
the other. Most of the inside of the house is already removed [ransacked] but
the vegetables etc in the garden come in handy.
--day we shall go on pounding on till
we make them stand somewhere and scrap. My horse - 24 of them are already dead
of ---- sickness and we have to walk.
No time for
more, yours affectionately
[signed] C.S. Browning
PTO.
13 March
1916
We have now occupied Moschi [about 60 miles E. of Arusha]
which is the German Railway terminus and a big town, but they evacuated most of
it. We are now 200 miles from our [Mombasa to Nairobi] railway, which distance we have done on foot.
We looted Moschi fairly well, but the South African
Cavalry got in before us and took everything before we could stop the looting,
consequently, we did not get much.
Nothing more at present, CSB
Charles was killed in action on December 10, 1916, near Kibata, where he was first buried, then
he was reinterred at the military cemetery in Kilwe Kivinje before finally
being buried in the war cemetery in Dar es Salaam. His family has a
commemorative coin with the following words on the face:
HE DIED FOR FREEDOM AND HONOUR
CHARLES STUART
BROWNING
In the early 1970s, The Commonwealth War Commission moved his
remains to plot 4J6 in the Dar es Salaam War Cemetery, on the coast about 5 km. north-west
of the city centre.
The history of the 129th Duke of Connaught’s
Own Baluchis is summarized below from various
Internet sites:
Under British Rule the British Indian Army included the 129th
duke of Connaught’s Own Baluchis (raised in 1846 as the
2nd Baluch Battalion) ----- The Baluch
regiments earned battle honours for services in Afghanistan, East Africa, China, Persia, Aden, Central India, Abyssinia, Hyderabad and Burma. Until 1914 their
full dress uniforms red trousers worn with rifle green or drab tunics and
turbans.
[Indian Infantry
Regiments, 1860–1914, by Michael Bishop, pub. 1970 by Osprey, ISBN
0-85045-307-0]
From the invasion of April 1915, Commonwealth forces fought a
protracted and difficult campaign against a relatively small but highly skilled
German force under the command of General Lettow-Vorbeck.
When the Germans finally surrendered on 23
November 1918, 12 days after the European armistice, their numbers had been
reduced to 155 European and 1168 African troops.
On 8 August 1914, the first recorded British action of the war
took place here [Dar es Salaam] , when HMS Astraea
shelled the German wireless station and boarded and disabled two merchant ships
– the Konig
and the Feldmanschall.
The Royal Navy systematically shelled the city from mid August 1916, and at 8 am on 4 September the deputy burgomaster was received
aboard HMS Echo to accept terms of
surrender. Troops, headed by the 129th Baluchis,
then entered the city. On 12 September 1916, Divisional GHQ
moved to ------ , and later No. 3 East African
Stationary Hospital was stationed there. The town became the chief sea base for
the movement of supplies and for the evacuation of the sick and wounded.
Dar es
Salaam War Cemetery was created [by the
Commonwealth War Commission] when the 660 First World War graves at ----
Cemetery had to be moved for the construction of a new road. As the burials in
the former African Christian, Non-Christian and Mohammedan plots had not been
marked individually, they were reburied in collective graves (“B”, “C”, and
“D”), each marked with a screen wall memorial. During the early 1970s, a
further 1000 graves were brought into the site from cemeteries all over [Tanzania] ….. Dar Es Salaam War Cemetery, located on the
coast side of the road, 5 km. north-west of the city centre. Now contains 1784
Commonwealth burials of the First World War, 60 of them unidentified, and 41
from the Second World War. ….
[Response from Commonwealth War Commission to Miles Ballaam]
At the outbreak if the First World War, Tanzania was the core of
German resistance. Tanga, situated only 80 km from
the border of British East Africa [now Kenya] was a busy seaport and the site
of the crucial Usambara Railway, which ran from the
city to the foot of Mt. Kenya. …… General Arthur Aitken
landed 8000 Indian reserves three miles south of the city on November 3, 1914… Aitken failed to
scout out the area beforehand …. The next morning, Aitken
ordered his troops to march on the city …. And Tanga’s
garrison ambushed them and quickly broke their advance. By afternoon the
fighting had turned to jungle skirmishing, with fighting frequently interrupted
by swarms of angry bees, hence the battle’s nickname ‘The Battle of the Bees’.
Although outnumbered eight to one, von Lettow-Vorbeck,
launched a counter-attack on November 4, ….. and the Indian troops were forced to return to their boats.
…
[Summarised from Battle
of Tanga]
Two of Arthur Robertson Browning’s great-nephews, Philip de la
Mare and Louis Sandford Barcham, served with ANZAC
forces during the First World War. They were
sons of Constance Eliza (de la Mare) and Robert William Barcham:
(WmB)
Philip de la Mare Barcham (b. 1886, d. 1971) served in the New Zealand army during WWI. The following
can now be added to the paragraph in The
Barchams of Edingthorpe, page 102. In
August 1914, he was a corporal in the advance party of the expeditionary force
that occupied Samoa,
as described in:
NEW ZEALAND AND WORLD WAR ONE, NZEF – SAMOA – 1914:
On the
night of 6 August 1914, the New Zealand Government received a telegram from London that it would be ‘a great and
urgent Imperial service’ if New Zealand forces seized Samoa, which was a German territory.
This was approved the next day, and four days later a mixed force of 1413 men
plus six nursing sisters was equipped and ready to depart. On the 15th they
sailed, picking up 10 more infantry men, some naval details, guides and
interpreters at Fiji. On the 29th they landed
unopposed at Apia. Thus the island of Upolu was the first German territory
to be occupied …. After eight months a relief force of 358 men took over and by
the end of the war another 298 men were supplied to maintain the garrison. ….
Many of the Samoan Advance Party
(A) returned to New Zealand in March/April 1915. Many of
them went on to fight in Europe.
[Source:
Samoa, World War I]
Philip saw action in France and Belgium. His service records show that
he received a gunshot wound to his arm in October 1915, and suffered as a result
of being gassed. After the war he continued to serve as a Captain with the
Wellington Regiment and won a number of awards for marksmanship. Robert died in
1937. His obituary was published in the Wellington Post on November 19, 1937:
AN UNSELFISH LIFE
Philip de la Mare Barcham
‘Philip Barcham was a man of his
heart and great soul’ remarked the Hon. P Fraser to a friend at the funeral
yesterday. ‘He had a wonderful gift of language. I have heard him at many Anzac
Day services; he spoke well and truly from the heart.’ The minister also mentioned that he had had
opportunities to see Mr. Barcham's self-sacrificing spirit of service in many
ways, and the memory of that quiet work would always be warmly cherished. Friends
of Mr. Barcham know well that he was a firm and active believer in the lines of
Wadsworth: ‘Give all thou can’st;
high Heavens rejects the lore of nicely-calculated
less or more.’
Smitten by gas on the Western
Front, Mr. Barcham faced life with a weakened constitution after the war and
his health suffered a gradual decline, but he resolutely refused to be regarded
as an invalid. Even when he was under imperative medical orders to rest he
persisted with the honorary work of hospital visitor for the Wellington Working
Men's Club. During the past year or two he must have known that every round of
visits among the patients whom he gladly strove to cheer shortened his life.
Indeed, he was told that fact, but gave no heed to the warnings. …….
He was remarkably skilful with
firearms. Even as a lad he distinguished himself in the big rifle matches at Trentham. With a pistol he could perform the rapid feats of
accuracy credited to the best performers of America's ‘Wild West’.
(WmB) Lewis Sandford Barcham (1894–1979) [See The Barchams of Edingthorpe,
Chapter 7] was conscripted into the army in October 1917, embarked
aboard the SS Maunganui at Wellington on May 9, 1918.
Disembarking at Liverpool on June 24, he was posted to
the Reserve Wellington Infantry Regiment at Sling Camp on Salisbury Plain. He was
in France with the 2nd Battalion Wellington Infantry Regiment
during October and November where he took part in some of the last battles of
the war, including the attack and capture of the town and fort of Le Quesnoy on November 4. At 16.30 hours the 2nd
Battalion stormed the Valenciennes Gate and continued
mopping up the town, taking 771 prisoners in addition to 532 captured earlier
in the day. New Zealand
casualties were 43 killed and 251 wounded. After the armistice on November 11,
Louis was posted to the 4th Battalion of the 1st N.Z. Rifle Brigade,
which marched to Germany to join the Army of Occupation
of the Rhineland. However, he was in an army
hospital at that time and did not go to Germany. On March 11, 1919, Louis embarked at Portsmouth aboard the S.S. Raranga and disembarked at Wellington on April 4. He was awarded the
British War Medal and Victory Medal. He returned to New Zealand in a very unfit condition,
which caused many health problems later. [Information from Bob Barcham]
The names of Philip and Louis Barcham are inscribed on
the ANZAC Memorial on Pitt Street, in Wellington.
(WmB) Sgt
Thomas (Tom) Colin Barcham (1887–1916), a son of Alice (Barton) and Herbert
Samuel Barcham, of Knapton, and elder brother of Herbert John Dudley Barcham, joined
the 7th Norfolk Regiment. Initially based in Hampshire, he was posted to the
Western Front and died in action on October 12, 1916, towards the end of the Somme
offensive. According to the Battalion
Diary, the action on that day was an assault from Flers
Trench in which many losses occurred. Tom’s name appears on the war memorial at
St Peter’s and St. Paul’s church in Paston, and on the Roll of Honour at Paston
School, where he is listed with his fourth cousin once removed, Leonard John
Barcham, see below; and on the Thiepval Memorial in
France, which commemorates more than 72,000 who have no known grave, including
Tom’s fourth cousin Frank Barcham [see The Barchams of Edingthorpe, Chapter 7].
(BnB) George James Barcham (b. 1900), son
of Amelia and George Barcham, was a seaman in the Royal Navy. At present,
nothing more is known about his service.
(JnJ) Two sons of
Julia Meliene Lound (b. 1856, d ----) and Capt. ----- ----- (b. ----, d. 1899, in India), see above, served in the army
during WWI. At present nothing more is known about them.
(JnJ) Frederick Juler
(1896–1917), grandson of Charlotte and Benjamin Juler, was killed in action in France on May 21, 1917.
(JnJ) Reginald Stanley
Lound (d. 1947), grandson of Mary (Juler) and William Lound jnr, was an army chaplain during WWI.
(BnB)
Herbert Edmund Barcham
(1896–1956), great-grandson of Mabel
(Harland) and Neal Raven Barcham of Sherringham joined the Australian Navy,
served on HMAS Pioneer during WWI, and was
discharged from the navy in about 1920. His son, Neal, and grandson Geoffrey
were also in the Australian Navy in WWII.
HMAS
Pioneer was a Pelorus Class light cruiser, launched 28
June 1899
and commissioned on 19 November 1900, 2200 tons…. She was originally
built for the Royal Navy and from 1905 served on the Australia Station. On 1
March 1913,
she was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy. The outbreak of war HMAS Pioneer was as a guard ship at Melbourne. She was soon ordered to Fremantle
and sailed for the west coast on 6 August 1914. While patrolling off Fremantle,
the Pioneer captured the German merchant vessels Neumunster and Thuringen, which were unaware of the
outbreak of war. On 9 Jan. 1915, she departed Fremantle for German East Africa
to take part in operations against the German cruiser SMS Koenigsbergh, which had sought refuge
up the Rufigi River [south of Dar es
Salaam, Tanganyika (now Tanzania)] The role of the British fleet gathered off
East Africa was to prevent the Koenigsberg from breaking out of the river, and to prevent
supplies from being brought in by sea for either her or the German forces
ashore. Koenigsberg
was destroyed by British monitors on 12 July 1915, but HMAS Pioneer remained on station, continuing her blockade duties
and bombarding targets ashore. She eventually returned to Australia in October 1916 and was paid
off. ....Although obsolete and decrepit,
HMAS Pioneer saw more actual combat than any other Australian ship in the
First World War.